Conversations In Orthopaedics is committed to ensuring that this website is accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. We aim to conform to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 at Level AA, as published by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). These guidelines explain how to make web content more accessible to people with disabilities, and more usable to everyone.

This website is partially conformant with WCAG 2.1 Level AA. Partial conformance means that some parts of the content do not fully conform to the accessibility standard.

We are actively working to improve accessibility across all pages and features of the Site. Known areas of ongoing improvement include:

• ◆PDF or externally linked documents may not yet be fully accessible
• ◆Some embedded third-party content (such as social media embeds) may not meet our accessibility standards
• ◆Complex data tables in certain archived issues are being reviewed for proper header structure

Accessibility of this website relies on the following technologies to work with the particular combination of web browser and any assistive technologies or plugins installed on your computer:

• ◆HTML5 and WAI-ARIA
• ◆CSS (including CSS custom properties for theming)
• ◆JavaScript (progressive enhancement — core content is available without JavaScript)

These technologies are relied upon for conformance with the accessibility standards used.

The entire website can be navigated using a keyboard alone. Key interactions include:

• ◆Tab / Shift+Tab — Move forward and backward through interactive elements (links, buttons, form fields)
• ◆Enter / Space — Activate buttons and links
• ◆Escape — Close modal dialogs or expanded menus
• ◆Arrow keys — Navigate within menus and interactive components

A visible focus indicator is provided on all interactive elements for keyboard users. We do not suppress the browser’s native focus outline.

This website is designed to be compatible with assistive technologies including screen readers. We have tested compatibility with:

• ◆NVDA (Windows) with Firefox and Chrome
• ◆JAWS (Windows) with Chrome and Edge
• ◆VoiceOver (macOS and iOS) with Safari
• ◆TalkBack (Android) with Chrome

All images carry descriptive alternative text. Decorative images are marked as such and ignored by screen readers. Page structure uses semantic HTML landmarks (<header>, <main>, <nav>, <footer>) to enable efficient navigation.

The visual design of this website has been developed with the following accessibility considerations:

• ◆Colour contrast — Text colour contrast ratios meet or exceed WCAG 2.1 AA minimums (4.5:1 for normal text; 3:1 for large text and UI components).
• ◆Text resizing — Text can be resized up to 200% without loss of content or functionality using browser zoom controls.
• ◆No reliance on colour alone — Colour is never the only means of conveying information, indicating an action, or distinguishing a visual element.
• ◆Motion and animation — Animations respect the prefers-reduced-motion system setting. Users who have enabled reduced motion will see no decorative animations.

We welcome feedback on the accessibility of this website. If you experience any barriers to access, or if you have suggestions on how we can improve accessibility, please contact us:

Conversations In Orthopaedics — Accessibility
conversationsinorthopaedics@gmail.com

Please include a description of the accessibility barrier you encountered and the assistive technology or browser you were using. We aim to respond to accessibility feedback within 5 business days.

If you are not satisfied with our response to your accessibility feedback, you may contact the relevant national authority in your jurisdiction. In the United States, you may file a complaint with the U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division. In the European Union, you may escalate to your national enforcement body under the European Web Accessibility Directive (EU Directive 2016/2102).